Table of Contents:
What is CNC Turning: A Key Technology for Enhancing Precision and Efficiency
- November 26, 2024
- Tony
1. Overview
1. What is CNC turning?
CNC turning is a CNC machining process, a type of material reduction machining, in which material is removed from a rotating workpiece by means of a cutting tool.
The tool is usually mounted on a computer-controlled turret, while the workpiece is fixed to a chuck or panel. As the tool automatically moves along the surface of the workpiece, it removes material and gradually forms the desired shape.
CNC turning is capable of machining a wide range of shapes, including cylindrical, conical and spiral shapes, and is a widely used machining process in all types of industrial manufacturing.
2. The working principle and process of CNC turning
The working principle of CNC turning is very simple and relies heavily on the computer to control the rotation of the lathe and the movement of the tool.
3. General steps of CNC lathe parts processing
Design engineering drawings:
Create a 3D model of the part to determine the size, shape and machining requirements.
Write CNC program:
Prepare CNC code according to the drawings to guide the equipment to complete the machining.
Selection Tools:
Select appropriate tools such as cutters, drills, etc. according to machining requirements and equipment characteristics.
Clamping workpiece:
Fix the workpiece on the machining platform.
Adjusting parameters:
Set the machining speed, rotational speed and feed according to the material and size.
Machining parts:
CNC equipment automatically carries out cutting, drilling, milling and other operations according to the program.
Quality Inspection:
Measure the parts after completion to ensure that the dimensions and surface quality meet the requirements.
Surface treatment:
Polishing, grinding and other treatments on the parts to enhance the appearance and quality.
Assemble and install:
Assembles processed parts and performs subsequent processing, if necessary.
Packaging & Shipping:
Packages completed parts in preparation for transportation or storage.
2. Common Types of CNC Turning
Common CNC Turning
Mainly used for processing workpieces that don’t require high precision, and is suitable for common materials like steel and aluminum. It’s often used for basic manufacturing tasks, such as mass-producing small parts.
Precision CNC turning
Used for machining parts that require high dimensional accuracy and smooth surfaces, with a precision control system that ensures micron-level accuracy. Commonly applied in aerospace, medical equipment, and other industries.
Combined turning and milling machines
Compound machine tools combine turning and milling, allowing for more complex machining on a single machine. They are especially useful for parts that require multiple machining processes.
3. Differences between CNC turning and conventional turning
A key difference between CNC and traditional turning is the control method.
Traditional turning relies on manual operation, where the operator manually adjusts the tool and workpiece, and is suitable for simple machining tasks.
Controlled by a computer program, CNC turning enables higher precision and greater machining complexity. Compared to traditional methods, it offers significant advantages in precision, efficiency, and flexibility, making it ideal for mass production and parts that require high accuracy.
4. What shapes can CNC turning produce?
CNC turning is capable of manufacturing a wide range of complex geometries, including:
- Cylindrical: commonly used for shafts, tubular and other parts.
- Tapered: for mechanical bearings, transmission parts, etc.
- Slotted and concave shapes: can accurately machine a variety of slots, concave and convex surfaces, widely used in industries such as aerospace and automotive.
- Threads: Capable of machining standard and special threads for a wide range of connection needs.
- Shaped surfaces: such as curved surfaces and complex edges, suitable for high-precision mechanical parts.
- Holes and Hole Systems: Precision machining of a wide range of holes and hole systems, applied to connecting parts.
5. Key Parameters Affecting CNC Turning
Key parameters in CNC turning are crucial to machining results. Machinists must carefully control these parameters to ensure both part quality and machining efficiency.
1. Speed
Cutting speed is one of the most important parameters affecting CNC machining results. Different materials require different cutting speeds.
2. Feed rate
Choosing the feed rate requires considering the material of both the tool and the workpiece, as well as the desired surface roughness.
3. Depth of cut
Depth of cut is determined by the machining process and workpiece material. Increasing it reduces the number of passes and enhances efficiency, but may shorten tool life and affect machining quality.
4. Other factors
In addition to the three main parameters mentioned above, the condition and setup of the machine tool and the choice of tools have a great impact on CNC turning.
6. Advantages and features of CNC turning
- High precision: able to achieve micron-level precision to meet the needs of precision machining.
- High efficiency: able to complete complex machining in a shorter period of time, improving production efficiency.
- Automated operation: Reduces manual intervention, reduces errors and ensures consistency.
- Versatility: Suitable for a wide range of materials, including metals and plastics.
- Adaptability to complex shapes: allows for the machining of complex geometries and fine details.
- Reduced costs: Effective in reducing costs, especially in mass production.
7. How to improve the precision and efficiency of CNC turning?
Optimize programming for fewer tool travel paths and shorter machining times.
Selecting the right turning tools to improve cutting efficiency and reduce wear.
Adjust the speed and feed rate according to the material and tool characteristics to improve efficiency.
Regularly check and maintain the equipment to ensure its accuracy and stability.
8. Summary
CNC turning offers high efficiency and precision, making it essential in modern manufacturing.
However, the upfront cost of equipment can be expensive for many businesses. Outsourcing to a professional CNC machining provider like Allied Metal can be a cost-effective solution.
By outsourcing, companies gain access to advanced CNC equipment and expert teams without the high costs of purchasing and maintaining their own machinery, leading to increased productivity and reduced costs.
